Linking words

 

Giving a Result

Usage: To provide the result of what has been stated or has occurred

Linking Words:

• As a result
• As a consequence
• Therefore
• Thus
• Consequently
• Hence
• For this reason
• Due to

Examples:

• His wife left him. As a result, he became very depressed.
• She has lived in France, and as a consequence she speaks French fluently.
• We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
• We do not own the building. Thus, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.
• There has been a great deal of rain and consequently the reservoirs are full.
• The customer was displeased with her meal, hence the chef prepared a replacement.
• For this reason, they are not a good choice for exterior use.
• Due to a broken wing, this bird can’t fly.

Adding Information

Usage: To add to what has been previously stated

Linking Words:

• Additionally / an additional
• Furthermore
• Also
• Too
• As well as that
• Along with
• Besides
• In addition
• Moreover
• In addition to this
• Apart from this

Examples:

• Additionally, the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours.
• He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore, he had not even contacted her.
• We are unable to repair this watch. Also, this is the fourth time this has happened.
• I love wearing earrings. I design and make them too.
• We went to the park today. As well as that, we did some shopping.
• Along with parties and parliaments, elections have lost their charm.
• I can’t afford to go to the concert. Besides, I don’t really like classical music.
• You haven’t paid the rent yet.  In addition, you owe me money.
• The report is badly presented. Moreover, it contains inaccuracies.
• John’s grades are terrible because he has been so lazy these days. In addition to this, his relationship to his parents got worse.
• Apart from this paragraph, the report contains a number of sensible initiatives.

Summarizing

Usage: To sump up what has been previously stated

Linking words:

• In conclusion
• To summarize
• Altogether
• In short
• To sum up
• In summary
• Briefly
• To conclude

Examples:

• In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
• To summarize, this is a clever approach to a common problem.
• The food was good and we loved the music. Altogether it was a great evening.
• His novels belong to a great but vanished age. They are, in short, old-fashioned.
• To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem…
• In summary, this was a disappointing performance.
• Briefly, our team is now one of the best in the world.
• To conclude, I want to wish you all a very happy holiday season.

Giving Examples

Usage: To provide examples

Linking words:

• For example/ For instance
• Such as
• Including
• Namely
• In this case
• Proof of this
• Like

Examples:

• There are many interesting places to visit in the city, for example/ for instance, the botanical garden or the art museum.
• I prefer to wear casual clothes, such as jeans and a sweatshirt.
• Including Christmas Day and Boxing Day, I’ve got a week off work.
• We need to concentrate on our target audience, namely women aged between 20 and 30.
• I think I would have made a difference in this case.
• This building are a living proof of this existence, so we must preserve it.
• I also make other jewellery like rings and bracelets.

Emphasizing a Point

Usage: To put forward a point or idea more forcefully

Linking words:

• Undoubtedly
• Indeed
• Obviously
• Particularly / in particular
• Especially
• Clearly
• Importantly
• Absolutely
• Definitely
• Without a doubt
• Never
• It should be noted
• Unquestionably
• Above all
• Positively

Examples:

• Undoubtedly, the story itself is one of the main attractions.
• I don’t mind at all. Indeed, I would be delighted to help.
• Obviously, we don’t want to spend too much money.
• I love silver earrings, in particular ones from Mexico
• The car is quite small, especially if you have children.
• Clearly, this will cost a lot more than we realized.
• More importantly, can he be trusted?
• He’s an absolutely brilliant cook.
• I definitely remember sending the letter.
• We still believe we can win this series without a doubt.
• I’m never surprised at what I do.
• It should be noted that if you have something to note, then note it
• Unquestionably, teaching has been a paramount part of his career.
• Above all, this forest is designed for wear and tear.
• This is positively the worst thing that I can even imagine.

Sequencing Ideas

Usage: To indicate the order of what is being said

Linking words:

• First/ firstly (Second/ secondly, Third/ thirdly, Finally)
• At this time
• Following
• Previously
• Before
• Subsequently
• Above all
• Lastly and most importantly
• Last but not least
• First and foremost

Examples:

• Firstly, I prefer the train because I can see the landscape.
• At this time, the young man leapt into the air and flew off towards sunset.
• They arrived on Monday evening and we got there the following day.
• I had visited them three days previously.
• Your name is before mine on the list.
• Subsequently, new guidelines were issued to all employees.
• Above all, keep in touch.
• Lastly, and most importantly, you should be optimistic.
• Last but not least, I find I seriously cannot relate to women.
• We will continue to focus on our players first and foremost.

Comparing Ideas

Usage: To show how things are similar

Linking words:

• Similarly
• Equally
• Likewise
• Just as
• Just like
• Similar to
• Same as
• Compare / compare(d) to(with)
• By the same token
• In the same way
• Correspondingly

Examples:

• Similarly, the basketball and hockey games draw nearly full attendance.
• Equally, not all customers are honest.
• Her second marriage was likewise unhappy.
• She’s just as smart as her sister.
• Working with housecats is just like working with lions or tigers.
• Some people say I have a running style similar to him.
• Having a power is not the same as using the power.
• He gets the ball off quickly compared to two years ago.
• Teenagers should be more respectful; by the same token, parents should be more understanding.
• Alex enjoys telling jokes; in the same way/similarly/likewise,his son adores funny stories.
• Correspondingly, the roles each of them played were soon different.

Contrasting Ideas

Usage: To show how things are different

Linking words:

• Unlike
• Nevertheless
• On the other hand
• Nonetheless
• Despite / in spite of
• In contrast (to)
• Alternatively
• Conversely
• Even so
• Differing from
• Contrary to

Examples:

• Unlike most systems, this one is very easy to install.
• There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.
• Laptops are convenient; On the other hand, they can be expensive.
• The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to tackle them soon.
• Despite/ In spite of the rain, I went for a walk.
• In contrast to the diligent bee, the butterfly flies hither and yon with no apparent purpose.
• The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively, you can organize your own transport.
• Northern European countries had a great summer. On the contrary/conversely, Southern Europe had poor weather.
• Even so, many old friends were shocked at the announcement.
• Differing from his white colleagues, he preferred instructing his scholars to the ambition of acquiring personal renown.
• The situation in Ireland is quite contrary to this principle.

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